Vim ist ein Consolen Editor.
Folgende Befehle können an vim übergeben werden.
:e filename | Open filename for edition |
:w | Save file |
:q | Exit Vim |
:q! | Quit without saving |
:x | Write file (if changes has been made) and exit |
:sav filename | Saves file as filename |
. | Repeats the last change made in normal mode |
5. | Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode |
Änderungen rückgängig machen oder wiederherstellen
| Befehl | Beschreibung |
|---|---|
u | Macht den jeweils letzten Befehl rückgängig (mehrstufig möglich). |
^R :redo (Kommandozeilenmodus) | Wiederholt den zuletzt rückgängig gemachten Befehl, ^ steht hier genauso wie in der VIM-Dokumentation für Strg . |
U | Stellt die aktuelle Zeile wieder her. |
k or Up Arrow | move the cursor up one line |
j or Down Arrow | move the cursor down one line |
e | move the cursor to the end of the word |
b | move the cursor to the begining of the word |
0 | move the cursor to the begining of the line |
$ | move the cursor to the end of the line |
G | move the cursor to the end of the file |
gg | move the cursor to the begining of the file |
L | move the cursor to the bottom of the screen |
:59 | move cursor to line 59. Replace 59 by the desired line number. |
20| | move cursor to column 20. |
% | Move cursor to matching parenthesis |
[[ | Jump to function start |
[{ | Jump to block start |
Cut, | copy & paste |
y | Copy the selected text to clipboard |
p | Paste clipboard contents |
dd | Cut current line |
yy | Copy current line |
y$ | Copy to end of line |
D | Cut to end of line |
/word | Search word from top to bottom |
?word | Search word from bottom to top |
| * | Search the word under cursor |
/\cstring | Search STRING or string, case insensitive |
| /jo[ha]n | Search john or joan |
| /\< the | Search the, theatre or then |
/the\> | Search the or breathe |
/\< the\> | Search the |
/\< ¦.\> | Search all words of 4 letters |
/\/ | Search fred but not alfred or frederick |
| /fred\|joe | Search fred or joe |
/\<\d\d\d\d\> | Search exactly 4 digits |
/^\n\{3} | Find 3 empty lines |
:bufdo /searchstr/ | Search in all open files |
bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g | Search something in all the open buffers and replace it with somethingelse |
:%s/old/new/g | Replace all occurences of old by new in file |
:%s/onward/forward/gi | Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
:%s/old/new/gc | Replace all occurences with confirmation |
:2,35s/old/new/g | Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 |
:5,$s/old/new/g | Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF |
:%s/^/hello/g | Replace the begining of each line by hello |
:%s/$/Harry/g | Replace the end of each line by Harry |
:%s/onward/forward/gi | Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
:%s/ *$//g | Delete all white spaces |
:g/string/d | Delete all lines containing string |
:v/string/d | Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain string |
:s/Bill/Steve/ | Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current line |
:s/Bill/Steve/g | Replace Bill by Steve in current line |
:%s/Bill/Steve/g | Replace Bill by Steve in all the file |
:%s/^M//g | Delete DOS carriage returns (^M) |
:%s/\r/\r/g | Transform DOS carriage returns in returns |
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g | Delete HTML tags but keeps text |
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ | Delete lines which appears twice |
Ctrl+a | Increment number under the cursor |
Ctrl+x | Decrement number under cursor |
ggVGg? | Change text to Rot13 |
Vu | Lowercase line |
VU | Uppercase line |
g~~ | Invert case |
vEU | Switch word to uppercase |
vE~ | Modify word case |
ggguG | Set all text to lowercase |
gggUG | Set all text to uppercase |
:set ignorecase | Ignore case in searches |
:set smartcase | Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used |
:%s/\<./\u&/g | Sets first letter of each word to uppercase |
:%s/\<./\l&/g | Sets first letter of each word to lowercase |
:%s/.*/\u& | Sets first letter of each line to uppercase |
:%s/.*/\l& | Sets first letter of each line to lowercase |
:1,10 w outfile | Saves lines 1 to 10 in outfile |
:1,10 w » outfile | Appends lines 1 to 10 to outfile |
:r infile | Insert the content of infile |
:23r infile | Insert the content of infile under line 23 |
:e . | Open integrated file explorer |
:Sex | Split window and open integrated file explorer |
:Sex! | Same as :Sex but split window vertically |
:browse e | Graphical file explorer |
:ls | List buffers |
:cd .. | Move to parent directory |
:args | List files |
:args *.php | Open file list |
:grep expression *.php | Returns a list of .php files contening expression |
gf | Open file name under cursor |
:!pwd | Execute the pwd unix command, then returns to Vi |
!!pwd | Execute the pwd unix command and insert output in file |
:sh | Temporary returns to Unix |
$exit | Retourns to Vi |
:%!fmt | Align all lines |
!}fmt | Align all lines at the current position |
5!!fmt | Align the next 5 lines |
:tabnew | Creates a new tab |
gt | Show next tab |
:tabfirst | Show first tab |
:tablast | Show last tab |
:tabm n(position) | Rearrange tabs |
:tabdo %s/foo/bar/g | Execute a command in all tabs |
:tab ball | Puts all open files in tabs |
:new abc.txt | Edit abc.txt in new window |
:e filename | Edit filename in current window |
:split filename | Split the window and open filename |
ctrl-w up arrow | Puts cursor in top window |
ctrl-w ctrl-w | Puts cursor in next window |
ctrl-w_ | Maximize current window vertically |
ctrl-w| | Maximize current window horizontally |
ctrl-w= | Gives the same size to all windows |
10 ctrl-w+ | Add 10 lines to current window |
:vsplit file | Split window vertically |
:sview file | Same as :split in readonly mode |
:hide | Close current window |
:nly | Close all windows, excepted current |
:b 2 | Open #2 in this window |
Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode) | Complete word |
Ctrl+x Ctrl+l | Complete line |
:set dictionary=dict | Define dict as a dictionnary |
Ctrl+x Ctrl+k | Complete with dictionnary |
m {a-z} | Marks current position as {a-z} |
\' {a-z} | Move to position {a-z} |
\'\' | Move to previous position |
:ab mail mail@provider.org | Define mail as abbreviation of mail@provider.org |
:set autoindent | Turn on auto-indent |
:set smartindent | Turn on intelligent auto-indent |
:set shiftwidth=4 | Defines 4 spaces as indent size |
ctrl-t, ctrl-d | Indent/un-indent in insert mode |
» | Indent |
« | Un-indent |
=% | Indent the code between parenthesis |
1GVG= | Indent the whole file |
:syntax on | Turn on syntax highlighting |
:syntax off | Turn off syntax highlighting |
:set syn=perl | Force syntax highlighting Perl |
:set syn=sh | Force syntax highlighting Bash |
Man kann auch in einer bestimmten Datei ein VIM-Commando am Anfang oder Ende der Datei als Kommentar angeben.
Hier als Beispiel für das highlighting der SH-Syntax:
# vi:syntax=sh
Weiterhin kann man VIM auch anweisen alle Dateien mit einer bestimmten Dateiendung mit einem bestimmten Syntax-Highlighting zu öffnen.
Dazu fügt man in die Datei .vimrc autocommands ein (Quelle: http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Forcing_Syntax_Coloring_for_files_with_odd_extensions):
Folgendes einfügen wenn man eine bestehende Erkennung eines Dateityps nicht überschreiben möchte, aber ein weiterer bestimmter Dateityp noch nicht erkannt wird:
associate *.foo with php filetype au BufRead,BufNewFile *.foo setfiletype php
Folgendes einfügen um bestehende Erkennungen von Dateitypen zu überschreiben:
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.module set filetype=php
Noch ein Beispiel: Vim 7.3 erkennt example.pc als Dateityp proc hat aber kein Syntax Highlighting für „Pro C“.
Hiermit kann man diese verhalten zum highlighten überschreiben.
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.pc set filetype=c
set fileencoding=<ENCODING> | Mögliche Zeichenkodierungen sind z.B. Unicode, text, UTF-16 UTF-8, little-endian |