====== Vim ======
Vim ist ein Consolen Editor.

===== Befehle =====
Folgende Befehle können an vim übergeben werden.

====== Vim Essential Commands ======
Source: http://www.catswhocode.com/blog/130-essential-vim-commands

===== Basics =====
| '':e filename'' | Open //filename// for edition |
| '':w'' | Save file |
| '':q'' | Exit Vim |
| '':q!'' | Quit without saving |
| '':x'' | Write file (if changes has been made) and exit |
| '':sav filename'' | Saves file as //filename// |
| ''.'' | Repeats the last change made in normal mode |
| ''5.'' | Repeats 5 times the last change made in normal mode |

===== Rückgängig / Wiederherstellen =====
Änderungen rückgängig machen oder wiederherstellen
^ Befehl ^ Beschreibung ^
| ''u''  | Macht den jeweils letzten Befehl rückgängig (mehrstufig möglich). |
| ''^R'' \\ '':redo (Kommandozeilenmodus)'' | Wiederholt den zuletzt rückgängig gemachten Befehl, ''^'' steht hier genauso wie in der VIM-Dokumentation für  Strg . |
| ''U'' | Stellt die aktuelle Zeile wieder her. |

===== Moving in the file =====
| ''k or Up Arrow'' | move the cursor up one line |
| ''j or Down Arrow'' | move the cursor down one line |
| ''e'' | move the cursor to the end of the word |
| ''b'' | move the cursor to the begining of the word |
| ''0'' | move the cursor to the begining of the line |
| ''$'' | move the cursor to the end of the line |
| ''G'' | move the cursor to the end of the file |
| ''gg'' | move the cursor to the begining of the file |
| ''L'' | move the cursor to the bottom of the screen |
| '':59'' | move cursor to line //59//. Replace //59// by the desired line number. |
| ''20|'' | move cursor to column //20//. |
| ''%'' | Move cursor to matching parenthesis |
| ''[['' | Jump to function start |
| ''[{'' | Jump to block start |
| ''Cut,'' | copy & paste |
| ''y'' | Copy the selected text to clipboard |
| ''p'' | Paste clipboard contents |
| ''dd'' | Cut current line |
| ''yy'' | Copy current line |
| ''y$'' | Copy to end of line |
| ''D'' | Cut to end of line |

===== Search =====
| ''/word'' | Search //word// from top to bottom |
| ''?word'' | Search //word// from bottom to top |
| ''| *'' | Search the word under cursor |
| ''/\cstring'' | Search //STRING// or //string//, case insensitive |
| ''| /jo[ha]n'' | Search //john// or //joan// |
| ''| /\< the'' | Search //the//, //theatre// or //then// |
| ''/the\>'' | Search //the// or //breathe// |
| ''/\< the\>'' | Search //the// |
| ''/\< ¦.\>'' | Search all words of 4 letters |
| ''/\/'' | Search //fred// but not //alfred// or //frederick// |
| ''| /fred\|joe'' | Search //fred// or //joe// |
| ''/\<\d\d\d\d\>'' | Search exactly 4 digits |
| ''/^\n\{3}'' | Find 3 empty lines |
| '':bufdo /searchstr/'' | Search in all open files |
| ''bufdo %s/something/somethingelse/g'' | Search //something// in all the open buffers and replace it with //somethingelse// |

===== Replace =====
| '':%s/old/new/g'' | Replace all occurences of //old// by //new// in file |
| '':%s/onward/forward/gi'' | Replace onward by forward, case unsensitive |
| '':%s/old/new/gc'' | Replace all occurences with confirmation |
| '':2,35s/old/new/g'' | Replace all occurences between lines 2 and 35 |
| '':5,$s/old/new/g'' | Replace all occurences from line 5 to EOF |
| '':%s/^/hello/g'' | Replace the begining of each line by //hello// |
| '':%s/$/Harry/g'' | Replace the end of each line by //Harry// |
| '':%s/onward/forward/gi'' | Replace //onward// by //forward//, case unsensitive |
| ''<nowiki>:%s/ *$//g</nowiki>'' | Delete all white spaces |
| '':g/string/d'' | Delete all lines containing //string// |
| '':v/string/d'' | Delete all lines containing which didn’t contain //string// |
| '':s/Bill/Steve/'' | Replace the first occurence of Bill by Steve in current  line |
| '':s/Bill/Steve/g'' | Replace //Bill// by //Steve// in current line |
| '':%s/Bill/Steve/g'' | Replace //Bill// by //Steve// in all the file |
| ''<nowiki>:%s/^M//g</nowiki>'' | Delete DOS carriage returns (<nowiki>^M</nowiki>) |
| '':%s/\r/\r/g'' | Transform DOS carriage returns in returns |
| '':%s#<[^>]\+>##g'' | Delete HTML tags but keeps text |
| '':%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/'' | Delete lines which appears twice |
| ''Ctrl+a'' | Increment number under the cursor |
| ''Ctrl+x'' | Decrement number under cursor |
| ''ggVGg?'' | Change text to Rot13 |

===== Case =====
| ''Vu'' | Lowercase line |
| ''VU'' | Uppercase line |
| ''g~~'' | Invert case |
| ''vEU'' | Switch word to uppercase |
| ''vE~'' | Modify word case |
| ''ggguG'' | Set all text to lowercase |
| ''gggUG'' | Set all text to uppercase |
| '':set ignorecase'' | Ignore case in searches |
| '':set smartcase'' | Ignore case in searches excepted if an uppercase letter is used |
| '':%s/\<./\u&/g'' | Sets first letter of each word to uppercase |
| '':%s/\<./\l&/g'' | Sets first letter of each word to lowercase |
| '':%s/.*/\u&'' | Sets first letter of each line to uppercase |
| '':%s/.*/\l&'' | Sets first letter of each line to lowercase |

===== Read/Write files =====
| '':1,10 w outfile'' | Saves lines 1 to 10 in //outfile// |
| '':1,10 w >> outfile'' | Appends lines 1 to 10 to //outfile// |
| '':r infile'' | Insert the content of //infile// |
| '':23r infile'' | Insert the content of //infile// under line 23 |

===== File explorer =====
| '':e .'' | Open integrated file explorer |
| '':Sex'' | Split window and open integrated file explorer |
| '':Sex!'' | Same as :Sex but split window vertically |
| '':browse e'' | Graphical file explorer |
| '':ls'' | List buffers |
| '':cd ..'' | Move to parent directory |
| '':args'' | List files |
| '':args *.php'' | Open file list |
| '':grep expression *.php'' | Returns a list of .php files contening expression |
| ''gf'' | Open file name under cursor |

===== Interact with Unix =====
| '':!pwd'' | Execute the //pwd// unix command, then returns to Vi |
| ''!!pwd'' | Execute the //pwd// unix command and insert output in file |
| '':sh'' | Temporary returns to Unix |
| ''$exit'' | Retourns to Vi |

===== Alignment =====
| '':%!fmt'' | Align all lines |
| ''!}fmt'' | Align all lines at the current position |
| ''5!!fmt'' | Align the next 5 lines |

===== Tabs/Windows =====
| '':tabnew'' | Creates a new tab |
| ''gt'' | Show next tab |
| '':tabfirst'' | Show first tab |
| '':tablast'' | Show last tab |
| '':tabm n(position)'' | Rearrange tabs |
| '':tabdo %s/foo/bar/g'' | Execute a command in all tabs |
| '':tab ball'' | Puts all open files in tabs |
| '':new abc.txt'' | Edit //abc.txt// in new window |

===== Window spliting =====
| '':e filename'' | Edit filename in current window |
| '':split filename'' | Split the window and open filename |
| ''ctrl-w up arrow'' | Puts cursor in top window |
| ''ctrl-w ctrl-w'' | Puts cursor in next window |
| ''ctrl-w_'' | Maximize current window vertically |
| ''ctrl-w|'' | Maximize current window horizontally |
| ''ctrl-w='' | Gives the same size to all windows |
| ''10 ctrl-w+'' | Add 10 lines to current window |
| '':vsplit file'' | Split window vertically |
| '':sview file'' | Same as **:split** in readonly mode |
| '':hide'' | Close current window |
| '':­nly'' | Close all windows, excepted current |
| '':b 2'' | Open #2 in this window |

===== Auto-completion =====
| ''Ctrl+n Ctrl+p (in insert mode)'' | Complete word |
| ''Ctrl+x Ctrl+l'' | Complete line |
| '':set dictionary=dict'' | Define //dict// as a dictionnary |
| ''Ctrl+x Ctrl+k'' | Complete with dictionnary |

===== Marks =====
| ''m {a-z}'' | Marks current position as //{a-z}// |
| ''\' {a-z}'' | Move to position //{a-z}// |
| ''\'\''' | Move to previous position |

===== Abbreviations =====
| '':ab mail mail@provider.org'' | Define mail as abbreviation of //mail@provider.org// |

===== Text indent =====
| '':set autoindent'' | Turn on auto-indent |
| '':set smartindent'' | Turn on intelligent auto-indent |
| '':set shiftwidth=4'' | Defines 4 spaces as indent size |
| ''ctrl-t, ctrl-d'' | Indent/un-indent in insert mode |
| ''>>'' | Indent |
| ''<<'' | Un-indent |
| ''=%'' | Indent the code between parenthesis |
| ''1GVG='' | Indent the whole file |

===== Syntax highlighting =====
| '':syntax on'' | Turn on syntax highlighting |
| '':syntax off'' | Turn off syntax highlighting |
| '':set syn=perl'' | Force syntax highlighting Perl |
| '':set syn=sh'' | Force syntax highlighting Bash |

Man kann auch in einer bestimmten Datei ein **VIM-Commando** am Anfang oder Ende der Datei als Kommentar angeben.
Hier als Beispiel für das highlighting der SH-Syntax:
<code bash># vi:syntax=sh</code>

Weiterhin kann man VIM auch anweisen alle Dateien mit einer bestimmten **Dateiendung** mit einem bestimmten Syntax-Highlighting zu öffnen.
Dazu fügt man in die Datei ''.vimrc'' autocommands ein (Quelle: http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Forcing_Syntax_Coloring_for_files_with_odd_extensions):

Folgendes einfügen wenn man eine bestehende Erkennung eines Dateityps nicht überschreiben möchte, aber ein weiterer bestimmter Dateityp noch nicht erkannt wird:
<code bash>associate *.foo with php filetype
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.foo setfiletype php</code>

Folgendes einfügen um bestehende Erkennungen von Dateitypen zu überschreiben:
<code bash>au BufRead,BufNewFile *.module set filetype=php</code>

Noch ein Beispiel: Vim 7.3 erkennt example.pc als Dateityp ''proc'' hat aber kein Syntax Highlighting für "Pro C". 
Hiermit kann man diese verhalten zum highlighten überschreiben.
<code bash>au BufRead,BufNewFile *.pc set filetype=c</code>

===== File Encoding =====
| ''set fileencoding=<ENCODING>'' | Mögliche Zeichenkodierungen sind z.B. \\ ''Unicode'', ''text'', ''UTF-16'' ''UTF-8'', ''little-endian'' |